To help protect small-holder farmers, the Government of India has been supporting the implementation of both area-yield and weather index insurance. The use of indexes as a proxy to incurred losses in the weather based crop insurance scheme (WBCIS) in 2007, the Modified NAIS (mNAIS) in 2010, and the Pradhan Mantri Fasal Bima Yojana (PMFBY) scheme in 2016 were implemented to replace costly individual loss adjustments that made agricultural insurance for small-scale farmers unviable.